Diabetes Can Damage Your Eyes' Retinas: An Expert Explains

November 5, 2024
Dennis Thompson HealthDay Reporter

People with diabetes face a number of health challenges related to their chronic condition, and loss of vision due to retinal damage is one of them.

“Diabetes can silently damage a person’s most precious sense, their sight, before symptoms even appear. That’s why everyone with diabetes should focus on their eyesight and receive regular dilated eye exams,” said Dr. J. Michael Jumper, president of the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS).

However, there have been significant advances in early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, Jumper added in an ASRS news release.

“Losing sight from diabetes-related eye disease is not a foregone conclusion,” Jumper said. “There is hope, including advances in early detection and treatment spearheaded by retina specialists that can help people with diabetes enjoy healthy vision for a lifetime.”

The ASRS is encouraging people with diabetes to learn more about the ways their condition can affect their eye health.

Nearly 40 million Americans have diabetes, and nearly half of those folks will develop diabetic retinopathy. In that condition, diabetes causes damage to the blood vessels of the retina.

Factors that can increase a diabetic person’s risk of developing diabetic retinopathy include:

Poor control of blood sugar levels
High blood pressure
Kidney disease
Elevated cholesterol
Pregnancy

Many with diabetic retinopathy might have the condition a long time without symptoms, the ASRS says. By the time symptoms occur, substantial damage to vision might have already happened.

Symptoms can include:

Blurred or distorted vision
Difficulty reading
Spots or “floaters” in vision
A shadow across the field of vision
Eye pressure
Difficulty with color perception
Blurred or double vision

Dilated eye exams can help detect diabetic retinopathy by allowing a better view of retinal tissue, the ASRS says.

There also are many advanced technologies that ophthalmologists use to track retinal health.

These include:

Optical coherence tomography, which provides highly detailed cross-sectional images of the retina
Fundus photography, which takes photos to document diabetic retinopathy
Fluorescein angiography, which uses a dye injected into the bloodstream to track blood flow within the retina and the rest of the eye

There are also many treatments available for people with diabetic retinopathy, including eye injections, laser treatments and surgery.

Eye injections involve anti-VEGF drugs, which block a protein that promotes the growth of blood vessels into the retina. Newer formulations of these drugs allow people to receive fewer injections per year, the ASRS says.

More information

The National Eye Institute has more on diabetic retinopathy.

SOURCE: American Society of Retina Specialists, news release, Nov. 5, 2024

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